One of my students used this word in a paper. As far as I know I had never seen it before. I had to look it up. I came up with a wide range of definitions.
“A slightly vague term, the neoteroi were a group of Latin poets of the 1st century BC who were much influenced by Alexandrian Greek authors such as Callimachus and Theocritus. Their trademark was an emphasis on tight construction, a playful use of genre, punning, and complex allusions.” Wikipedia
“Of recent origin; modern” according to the Free Dictionary.
I also saw it as “an innovation or novelty.”
This last is the way in which the student used it. I give them two extra points if it is a word I didn’t know and is used correctly. It keeps me learning.